See broga on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hellebrōga"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bruogo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German bruogo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, perhaps borrowed from Celtic. Compare Old High German bruogo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brōga",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brōga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "brōga"
},
"expansion": "brōga m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brōg"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "brōga",
"2": "brōgan",
"3": "brōgan",
"4": "brōgan",
"5": "brōgan",
"6": "brōgena",
"7": "brōgan",
"8": "brōgum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "ang:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "terror laid hold of him",
"text": "hine sē brōga angeat",
"translation": "terror laid hold of him",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "there is the greatest of terrors",
"text": "ðǣr is brōgna hýhst",
"translation": "there is the greatest of terrors",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"terror, dread, horror"
],
"id": "en-broga-ang-noun-ktGvgBi1",
"links": [
[
"terror",
"terror"
],
[
"dread",
"dread"
],
[
"horror",
"horror"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "then was the danger made known to Beowulf",
"text": "Þā wæs Bīowulfe brōga gecȳðed",
"translation": "then was the danger made known to Beowulf",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"danger"
],
"id": "en-broga-ang-noun-Ej~WZqo5",
"links": [
[
"danger",
"danger"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbroː.ɡɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbroː.ɣɑ]"
}
],
"word": "broga"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "*broga",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh *broga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "*broga"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Welsh *broga",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "enm-wmi",
"3": "vrogge",
"t": "frog"
},
"expansion": "West Midland Middle English vrogge (“frog”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-emi",
"2": "frogge"
},
"expansion": "East Midland Middle English frogge",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Welsh *broga, from West Midland Middle English vrogge (“frog”) (East Midland Middle English frogge), with initial /v/ being reanalyzed as the soft mutation of /b/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brogaed",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brogaod",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "broga",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "froga",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mroga",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "brogaed",
"pl2": "brogaod"
},
"expansion": "broga m (plural brogaed or brogaod)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South Wales Welsh",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Frogs",
"orig": "cy:Frogs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "breaststroke",
"translation": "breaststroke",
"word": "nofio broga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frog"
],
"id": "en-broga-cy-noun-dPpTJ8wP",
"links": [
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Wales) frog"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
],
"word": "llyffant"
}
],
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrɔɡa/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbroːɡa/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrɔɡa/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "broga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine n-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms borrowed from Celtic languages",
"Old English terms derived from Celtic languages",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Emotions"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hellebrōga"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bruogo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German bruogo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, perhaps borrowed from Celtic. Compare Old High German bruogo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brōga",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brōga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brōgum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "brōga"
},
"expansion": "brōga m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brōg"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "brōga",
"2": "brōgan",
"3": "brōgan",
"4": "brōgan",
"5": "brōgan",
"6": "brōgena",
"7": "brōgan",
"8": "brōgum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "terror laid hold of him",
"text": "hine sē brōga angeat",
"translation": "terror laid hold of him",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "there is the greatest of terrors",
"text": "ðǣr is brōgna hýhst",
"translation": "there is the greatest of terrors",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"terror, dread, horror"
],
"links": [
[
"terror",
"terror"
],
[
"dread",
"dread"
],
[
"horror",
"horror"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "then was the danger made known to Beowulf",
"text": "Þā wæs Bīowulfe brōga gecȳðed",
"translation": "then was the danger made known to Beowulf",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"danger"
],
"links": [
[
"danger",
"danger"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbroː.ɡɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbroː.ɣɑ]"
}
],
"word": "broga"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "breaststroke",
"translation": "breaststroke",
"word": "nofio broga"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "*broga",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh *broga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "*broga"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Welsh *broga",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "enm-wmi",
"3": "vrogge",
"t": "frog"
},
"expansion": "West Midland Middle English vrogge (“frog”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-emi",
"2": "frogge"
},
"expansion": "East Midland Middle English frogge",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Welsh *broga, from West Midland Middle English vrogge (“frog”) (East Midland Middle English frogge), with initial /v/ being reanalyzed as the soft mutation of /b/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brogaed",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brogaod",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "broga",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "froga",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mroga",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "brogaed",
"pl2": "brogaod"
},
"expansion": "broga m (plural brogaed or brogaod)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"South Wales Welsh",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from West Midland Middle English",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"cy:Frogs"
],
"glosses": [
"frog"
],
"links": [
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Wales) frog"
],
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrɔɡa/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbroːɡa/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrɔɡa/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
],
"word": "llyffant"
}
],
"word": "broga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for broga meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: broga/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"broga"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "broga",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: broga/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"broga"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "broga",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: broga/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"broga"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "broga",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.